The composite material is a kind of multi-phase material which is made of two or more kinds of materials, such as metal material, ceramic material or polymer material, through the composite process. The mutual complementarity of each material in properties makes the comprehensive performance of composite materials much better than the original single material to meet different requirements.
Compared with ordinary materials, composite materials have many characteristics, which can improve or overcome the weakness of a single material, give full play to the advantages of each material, and give new properties to the material; according to the structural and stress requirements of the component, give the reasonable matching performance of the predetermined distribution, and design the best performance of the material. The specific performance is as follows:
(1) High specific strength and high specific modulus. The outstanding advantages of composite materials are of high specific strength and specific modulus. For example, the specific modulus of carbon fibre reinforced resin composite is 5 times higher than that of steel and aluminium alloy, and its specific strength is 3 times higher than that of steel and aluminium alloy.
(2) High fatigue resistance. Fibre composite, especially resin matrix composite, is less sensitive to notch and stress concentration. Moreover, the interface between fibre and matrix can blunt or change the direction of the propagating crack tip, that is to say, it can prevent the rapid propagation of the crack. Therefore, the fatigue strength is relatively high. The fatigue limit of carbon fibre unsaturated polyester resin composite can reach 70% ~ 80% of its tensile strength, while only 40% ~ 50% % for metal materials.
(3) Strong fracture resistance. There are a large number of independent fibres in fibre composite materials. Generally, there are thousands to tens of thousands of fibres per square centimetre. They are combined into a whole by a tough matrix. When a small number of fibres are broken due to overload or other reasons, the load will be redistributed to other fibres that are not broken, so that the components will not be damaged suddenly in a short time. Therefore, the composites have high fracture toughness.
(4) Good damping performance. The natural frequency of the structure is related to the mass and shape of the structure itself and is proportional to the square root of the specific modulus of the material. If the natural frequency of the material is high, resonance and early damage can be avoided.
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Publication Date: 19 May, 2020
Category: Composite Materials
